VIBHU ACADEMY offers an online course titled Kautilya's Arthashastra: A Study. I will spell him as Kautilya (and not Kautalya) and his work as Arthasastra (and not Arthashastra). It classifies war into three broad types – open war, covert war and silent war. [77][78] This system, as Trautmann points out, is similar to European system of criminal law, rather than other historic legal system, because in the European (and Arthashastra) system it is the state that initiates judicial process in cases that fall under criminal statutes, while in the latter systems the aggrieved party initiates a claim in the case of murder, rape, bodily injury among others. [84][85], The chapter 2 of Book 3 of Arthashastra legally recognizes eight types of marriage. [27], The authorship and date of writing are unknown, and there is evidence that the surviving manuscripts[which?] Kautilya and His ArthashastraLanham: Anywhere, states Arthashastra in verse 7. Both are distinct from each other. [141] He recommended reading of the book for broadening the vision on strategic issues.[153]. [25][26], During 1923–1924, Julius Jolly and Richard Schmidt published a new edition of the text, which was based on a Malayalam script manuscript in the Bavarian State Library. See: Rangarajan. The full text of the Kautilya Arthashastra in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). It housed thousands of Sanskrit palm-leaf manuscripts. Then Sadgunya (six forms of non-war pressure). What brought fame to the institute, however, was the discovery among them of Kautilya’s Arthashastra some 100 years ago. [25] A copy of the Arthashastra in Sanskrit, written on palm leaves, was presented by a Tamil Brahmin from Tanjore to the newly opened Mysore Oriental Library headed by Benjamin Lewis Rice. [77][78], The text discusses marriage and consent laws in Books 3 and 4. It is power and power alone which, only when exercised by the king with impartiality and in proportion to guilt either over his son or his enemy, maintains both this world and the next. An another author Dr RP Kangle of the University of Bombay devoted many years of painstaking edition and comparing the various texts and translations. IN COLLECTIONS. The Arthashastra written by Kautilya serve as rich sources of information on the Mauryan Empire. To register: Send an email to vibhuacademy@gmail.com. A notable structure of the treatise is that while all chapters are primarily prose, each transitions into a poetic verse towards its end, as a marker, a style that is found in many ancient Hindu Sanskrit texts where the changing poetic meter or style of writing is used as a syntax code to silently signal that the chapter or section is ending. Kautilya's Arthashastra: Book IV, "The Removal of Thorns" CHAPTER I. [74] When the king rejects the Dharma, that is "does what ought not to be done, does not do what ought to be done, does not give what ought to be given, and gives what ought not to be given", the king causes people to worry and dislike him. "The intelligence dimension of Kautilyan statecraft and its implications for the present. EMBED. [139][88] Elsewhere, the text values not just powerless human life, but even animal life and suggests in Book 2 that horses and elephants be given food, when they become incapacitated from old age, disease or after war.[88]. As soon as Kautilya’s Arthashastra was translated into English in 1915, its comparison with Machiavelli’s Prince, particularly by the western Indologists, started in earnest. The Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy, written in Sanskrit. He shall also provide subsistence to helpless women when they are carrying and also to the children they give birth to". The Arthaśāstra (Sanskrit: अर्थशास्त्र, IAST: Arthaśāstra) is an ancient Indian Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. The school of Usanas asserts, states the text, that there is only one necessary knowledge, the science of government because no other science can start or survive without it. Monarchy system was adopted in that time. Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. by R. Shamasastry | 1956 | 174,809 words | ISBN-13: 9788171106417. The Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy, written in Sanskrit. After such humanitarian policies toward the defeated populace have become widely known, ordinary enemy soldiers will surrender in great numbers. when they are oppressed by anyone, including his officers, robbers or frontier commanders The 'arthashastra' tradition began in 6th century B.C. wisdomlib - the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge; Like what you read? Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was believed to be the chief minister in the court of Chandragupta Maurya, a contemporary of Alexander and the first great emperor of India who ruled the subcontinent in the 4th Century BC. [21], The Arthashastra explores issues of social welfare, the collective ethics that hold a society together, advising the king that in times and in areas devastated by famine, epidemic and such acts of nature, or by war, he should initiate public projects such as creating irrigation waterways and building forts around major strategic holdings and towns and exempt taxes on those affected. Dr. Larry Goodson, Professor of Middle East Studies, USAW and the C. Sep. 5, 2017 [125] Fair taxes build popular support for the king, states the text, and some manufacturers and artisans, such as those of textiles, were subject to a flat tax. Steven Rosen (2006), Essential Hinduism, Praeger. The Arthashastra (more precisely Arthaśāstra) is a treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names Kautilya(Also called Chanakya)[1] and Viṣṇugupta,[2] who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya (c. 350-283 BCE),[3] who was a professor at Taxila University and later the prime minister of the Maurya Empire. The prime issue in Arthashastra is statecraft. Kangle: "Artha is the sustenance or livelihood of men, and, On the Subject of Training, 21 chapters, Topics 1-18, Eradication of Thorns, 13 chapters, Topics 76-88, On Secret Conduct, 6 chapters, Topics 89-95, Basis of the Circle, 2 chapters, Topics 96-97, On the Sixfold Strategy, 18 chapters, Topics 98-126, On the Subject of Calamities, 5 chapters, Topics 127-134. As one plucks one ripe fruit after another from a garden, so should the king from his kingdom. [25], The text is an ancient treatise written in 1st millennium BCE Sanskrit, coded, dense and can be interpreted in many ways, with English and Sanskrit being grammatically and syntactically different languages. [88] However, Kautilya also recommends that wildlife that is damaging crops should be restrained with state resources. [59][60], The best king is the Raja-rishi, the sage king. Kautilya’s Arthashastra is comprehensi ve, consiste nt, concise, coherent a nd rigorous. when it is stressed by the hardships of fines, forced labor, taxes, and animal herds In order to do so, the article maps the retical constructs to the regional context of south Asia.5 overlap between Arthashastra and a contemporary academic Muni and Muni (1984) objects to the location of Indian ir The text of this great book includes 15 books, each addressing one topic pertaining to the state and its economy. In Topic 19, chapter 2, the text suggests: The king should grant exemption [from taxes] Different scholars have translated the word "arthashastra" in different ways. He should safeguard agriculture Torkel Brekke (2009), The Ethics of War in Asian Civilizations: A Comparative Perspective, Routledge. [29] All 150 chapters of the text also end with a colophon stating the title of the book it belongs in, the topics contained in that book (like an index), the total number of titles in the book and the books in the text. The spies should be trained to adopt roles and guises, to use coded language to transmit information, and be rewarded by their performance and the results they achieve, states the text. It is not just a normative text but a realist description of the art of running a state". info)) was an ancient Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. Authors: Shamsastry, R. Issue Date: 2016. 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